R Help 3: SLR Estimation & Prediction

R Help 3: SLR Estimation & Prediction

R Help

Student heights and weights

  • Load the heightweight data.
  • Fit a simple linear regression model with y = wt and x = ht.
  • Display a scatterplot of the data with the simple linear regression line and a horizontal line at the mean weight.
  • Use the model to predict weight for height = 64.
heightweight <- read.table("~/path-to-folder/student_height_weight.txt", header=T)
attach(heightweight)

model <- lm(wt ~ ht)
plot(x=ht, y=wt,
     panel.last = c(lines(sort(ht), fitted(model)[order(ht)]),
                    abline(h=mean(wt))))
mean(wt) # 158.8
predict(model, newdata=data.frame(ht=64)) # 126.2708

detach(heightweight)

Skin cancer mortality

  • Load the skin cancer data.
  • Fit a simple linear regression model with y = Mort and x = Lat.
  • Display a scatterplot of the data with the simple linear regression line.
  • Use the model to calculate 95% confidence intervals for E(Mort) at Lat = 40 and 28.
  • Calculate mean(Lat).
  • Use the model to calculate 95% prediction intervals for Mort at Lat = 40.
  • Display a scatterplot of the data with the simple linear regression line, confidence interval bounds, and prediction interval bounds.
skincancer <- read.table("~/path-to-folder/skincancer.txt", header=T)
attach(skincancer)

model <- lm(Mort ~ Lat)
plot(x=Lat, y=Mort,
     xlab="Latitude (at center of state)", ylab="Mortality (deaths per 10 million)",
     main="Skin Cancer Mortality versus State Latitude",
     panel.last = lines(sort(Lat), fitted(model)[order(Lat)]))

predict(model, interval="confidence", se.fit=T,
        newdata=data.frame(Lat=c(40, 28)))
# $fit
#        fit      lwr      upr
# 1 150.0839 144.5617 155.6061
# 2 221.8156 206.8855 236.7456
# 
# $se.fit
# 1        2 
# 2.745000 7.421459 

mean(Lat) # 39.53265

predict(model, interval="prediction",
        newdata=data.frame(Lat=40))
#        fit     lwr      upr
# 1 150.0839 111.235 188.9329

plot(x=Lat, y=Mort,
     xlab="Latitude (at center of state)", ylab="Mortality (deaths per 10 million)",
     ylim=c(60, 260),
     panel.last = c(lines(sort(Lat), fitted(model)[order(Lat)]),
                    lines(sort(Lat), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="confidence")[order(Lat), 2], col="green"),
                    lines(sort(Lat), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="confidence")[order(Lat), 3], col="green"),
                    lines(sort(Lat), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="prediction")[order(Lat), 2], col="purple"),
                    lines(sort(Lat), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="prediction")[order(Lat), 3], col="purple")))

detach(skincancer)

Hospital infection risk

  • Load the infectionrisk data.
  • Select only hospitals in regions 1 or 2.
  • Display a scatterplot of Stay versus InfctRsk.
  • Select only hospitals with Stay < 16 (i.e., remove the two hospitals with extreme values of Stay).
  • Fit a simple linear regression model with y = InfctRsk and x = Stay.
  • Use the model to calculate 95% confidence intervals for E(InfctRsk) at Stay = 10.
  • Use the model to calculate 95% prediction intervals for InfctRsk at Stay = 10.
  • Display a scatterplot of the data with the simple linear regression line, confidence interval bounds, and prediction interval bounds.
infectionrisk <- read.table("~/path-to-folder/infectionrisk.txt", header=T)
infectionrisk <- infectionrisk[infectionrisk$Region==1 | infectionrisk$Region==2, ]
attach(infectionrisk)
plot(x=Stay, y=InfctRsk)
detach(infectionrisk)
infectionrisk <- infectionrisk[infectionrisk$Stay<16, ]
attach(infectionrisk)
plot(x=Stay, y=InfctRsk)

model <- lm(InfctRsk ~ Stay)

predict(model, interval="confidence",
        newdata=data.frame(Stay=10))
#        fit      lwr      upr
# 1 4.528846 4.259205 4.798486

predict(model, interval="prediction",
        newdata=data.frame(Stay=10))
#        fit     lwr      upr
# 1 4.528846 2.45891 6.598781

plot(x=Stay, y=InfctRsk,
     ylim=c(0, 9),
     panel.last = c(lines(sort(Stay), fitted(model)[order(Stay)]),
                    lines(sort(Stay), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="confidence")[order(Stay), 2], col="green"),
                    lines(sort(Stay), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="confidence")[order(Stay), 3], col="green"),
                    lines(sort(Stay), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="prediction")[order(Stay), 2], col="purple"),
                    lines(sort(Stay), 
                          predict(model, 
                                  interval="prediction")[order(Stay), 3], col="purple")))

detach(infectionrisk)

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