Having introduced the idea of dependent samples, where two responses are matched by subject or "cluster" (e.g., two ratings provided for each movie in a sample), and measuring ways these responses can be in agreement (e.g., marginal homogeneity or symmetry) for two-way tables, we now extend this concept to three or more responses clustered together. Thus, we have the categorical version of repeated measures and the additional challenge of deciding an appropriate structure for modeling the association among them.

The GEE approach is an extension of GLMs that provides a semi-parametric approach to repeated measures of categorical response; it can be also used for continuous measurements.